Adorable and irresistible, the Seedless Kishu is one of the most delicious of mandarins, smaller than a golf ball but easy to peel, tender, juicy, fragrant and sweet. Until recently it was very difficult to find, even at farmers markets, but at least a dozen growers now have producing trees of these small wonders, and the fruits are becoming more readily available.

The Seedless Kishu derives from an ancient group of small-fruited mandarin varieties that originated in China. A related seeded variety called Ruju was offered as tribute in 1060 under the Tang Dynasty, and in the Song Dynasty it was considered the best mandarin variety. Today the Nanfengmiju, derived from Ruju, is one of the most widely grown mandarins in China, particularly in Jianxi province, where it originated.

On a citrus research trip to China in November 2008, I frequently encountered this fruit, which seems to be similar to our Seedless Kishu, although it is earlier in season and has slightly firmer flesh and a tighter rind; recent studies of DNA markers by Tokurou Shimizu, a Japanese citrus scientist, suggest that Nanfengmiju and Kishu may be very similar.

Varieties of this kind were brought centuries ago to Japan, where they were called Kishus and were the most popular citrus until 1880, when satsumas, a larger type, supplanted them. At least four varieties of Kishus are known, of which three have seeds and one is seedless.

Kishus have been present in California for more than a century but were not grown commercially until recently. B.M. Lelong described the Kishu in an 1888 list of Japanese citrus varieties as "one of the best for table use," but by 1902 he considered the minuscule variety unsuited for commercial cultivation. In 1943, H.J. Webber wrote that only a few trees existed in Florida and California, and these were the seeded forms.

Source: www.latimes.com