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Durian species occur naturally only in South East Asia. The durian cultivars grown commercially in ASEAN countries are derived from wild strains of Durio zibethinus . The existing durian cultivars arise from chance seedlings, selections by growers and later by breeders in government institutions. The natural selection process has been most active. |
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Durian clones in Malaysia |
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In Malaysia, the local or village durians show considerable variations in both yield and fruit quality. The ability to cross pollinate between species and a long history of cultivation have contributed to this variability. Among the most popular clones are: |
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Varieties /cultivars |
Characteristics |
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D2 (Dato' Nina) - The plant is medium large and erect. It flowers regularly but is low yielding. It shows good tolerance to Phytophthora stem canker . The fruits are generally borne on smaller secondary/ tertiary branches. They are medium to large, oval and kidney-shaped with sharp spines. They are difficult to open. The aril is thick, copper yellow in colour and firm. Each locule possesses only a few pulp units often variable in size. The aril quality is excellent |
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D 10 - The plant is medium in size with a broad canopy. It flowers regularly and is medium to high yielding. The clone is sensitive to Phytophthora stem canker . Fruits are borne uniformly all over the tree. The fruit is round to oval weighing 1.0-1.7 kg each. It has poor keeping quality and tends to split easily. The skin is medium thick and yellowish green in colour. The aril is thick, bright yellow in colour and is sweet and nutty. Each locule is completely filled with pulp units arranged in single rows. The aril quality is good |
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D24 - The plant is large, vigorous with a broad pyramid canopy. The trees flower regularly and are high yielding. Each mature tree may bear 100-150 fruits/tree/season. Fruits are borne all over the tree, the lower branches being more productive. Each fruit is medium large and weighs 1.0-1.8 kg/fruit with a round to oval shape. The skin is thick and light green in colour. Each locule contains 1-4 pulp units arranged in single rows. The aril is thick, light yellow in colour, firm with fine texture. It is sweet and nutty with a slight bitter taste. It is extremely susceptible to Phytophthora stem canker . The fruits usually exhibits some degree of uneven fruit ripening (UFR), a physiological disorder associated with durian |
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D99 - The tree is medium sized, low branching often with a loose canopy. It flowers regularly with a tendency towards biannual fruiting. It has a very high fruit bearing ability up to 100-130 fruits/ tree/ season. The clone is tolerant to Phytophthora stem canker as well as dry environments. It is a good pollinator clone, cross compatible to most other clones. The fruits are borne mainly on the lower branches. Each fruit is small to medium in size weighing 1.0-1.5 kg and is almost round in shape with a slight suppression at the apical end. It is easily split revealing its thin skin. Each locule contains 1-4 pulp units medium to large in size. The aril is thick, bright yellow in colour, fine textured, slightly wet and has a sweet and nutty taste with a good aroma. The clone is an early season dropper |
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D145 (Durian Hijau) - The tree is medium large and rather sensitive to dry environments. It fruits less regularly but has an average to high yielding ability. Fruits are borne all over the tree. Each fruit is medium large weighing 1.3-1.5 kg and is round to oval in shape. The fruit splits easily. The skin is medium thick and dark green in colour. Each locule contains 1-4 pulp units arranged in single rows. The aril is medium thick, bright yellow in colour, fine textured, tastes sweet and nutty with a good aroma. The aril quality is good. It is quite sensitive to Phytophthora stem canker |
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MDUR 78 This is a hybrid plant developed by MARDI. The plant is comparatively small, shady, fruits often, high yielding and resistant to Phytophthora stem canker . Each fruit weighs 1.5-1.8 kg, roundish in shape. The skin is yellowish light green in colour. The aril is thick and each pulp unit is big. It is orange-yellow in colour with a fine texture and is sweet and nutty. It has good keeping quality with a natural shelf life of about 70 hours |
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MDUR 79 - This is a hybrid plant developed by MARDI. It is comparatively small, fruits regularly with an average yielding ability. It is resistant to Phytophthora stem canker . Each fruit is roundish oval in shape weighing 1.0-1.6 kg. The skin colour is dark green. The aril is thick and each pulp unit is big, orange-yellow in colour with a fine texture and is sweet and nutty. The fruits easily split open. The storage life is short, only 27 hours |
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MDUR 88 - This is a hybrid plant developed by MARDI. It is medium large, vigorous, high yielding and a consistent bearer. It is moderately tolerant to Phytophthora stem canker . Each fruit weighs 1.5-2.0 kg, round to oval in shape. with a yellowish green skin. The aril is very thick and each pulp unit is big, golden yellow in colour, slightly dry, fine textured, sweet and nutty. The fruit has a relatively long storage life between 78-86 hours |
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Durian clones in other ASEAN countries
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Durian was cultivated in Thailand over a century ago. There are almost 200 cultivars with 60-70 cultivars grown commercially. Most of the cultivars are from open pollinated seedlings and their names were given according to their fruit, pulp colour, the individual who cultivates them or from the place they are commonly found. They were originally classified according to the different maturation period such as:
- Early type – bears fruits 4-6 years after planting
- Medium type – bears fruits 6-8 years after planting
- Late type – bears fruits more than 8 years after planting
Durian is now classified according to the IBPGR descriptor system, based on their leaf characteristics, fruit shape and fruit spines. They generally belong to 6 different groups namely (refer photos):
- Kob
- Luang (eg. Chanee)
- Kanyao
- Kumpun (eg. Monthong)
- Thongyoi
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In the Philippines the are only six cultivars of durian planted. They are known as:
- DES 806
- DES 916
- Chanee (imported from Thailand )
- Monthong (imported from Thailand )
- Umali
- CA 3266
There are hundreds of cultivars in Indonesia ; however only 17 of them are most commonly planted. These varieties are named according to their colour and appearance (both skin and aril ), shapes of spines, taste and texture of the aril . Among the cultivars are:
- Durian sunan
- Durian sukun
- Durian Sitokong
- Durian Simas
- Durian petruk
- Durian otong (Monthong)
- Durian kani (Chanee)
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| Names |
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Durio zibethinus |
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Common: |
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English: |
Durian |
Indonesia: |
Durian
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Malaysia: |
Durian |
Tagalog: |
Durian |
Thai: |
Thurian |
Vietnam: |
Sau rieng |
| Mandarin: |
Liulian |
| Tamil: |
Durian |
| Khmer: |
Thouren |
| Laotian: |
Mahk tulieng |
| Burmese: |
Duyin |
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Taxonomic Position: |
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Domain: |
Eukaryota |
Kingdom: |
Viridiplantae |
Phylum: |
Spermatophyta |
| Subphylum: |
Angiospermae |
Class: |
Dicotyledonae |
Order: |
Malvales |
Family: |
Bombaceae |
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